Life.
Joyce was an Irishman, he was born in Dublin in 1882, of a middle-class Irish Catholic family. In 1888 James was sent to a Catholic institution run by the Jesuit order : the Jesuit were responsible for all of Joyce 's education. In 1904 Joyce took the two steps which were to determine the direction of his life and save him from a complete self - destruction in Dublin : he met Nora Barnacle, the woman who was to be his lifelong companion ; in the same year the couple left Ireland, still unmarried. They settled to Trieste, at the time still part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Among his pupils there was Ettore Schmitz (Italo Svevo), at that time an unknown author whose two early novels (“Una vita” and “Senilità”) had been ignored by the critics. In 1914 Joyce 's book of short stories “Dubliners” was published after many difficulties. Joyce was using the stream of consciousness technique to great effect. In 1920 he settled in Paris. His masterpiece “Ulysses” appeared in 1922. It tells about the story of one day in the lives of some Dubliners. Joyce left Paris in 1940 when the events of the Second World War forced him to escape. He settled in Switzerland, where he died in 1941.
JAMES JOYCE
Vita
Joyce nacque a Dublino nel 1882 da una famiglia irlandese cattolica di ceto medio. Nel 1888 fu mandato in una scuola cattolica gestita dall'ordine dei Gesuiti: essi furono responsabili di tutta l'educazione di Joyce, anche universitaria. Nel 1904 Joyce intraprese i due passi che determinarono la direzione della sua vita e lo salvarono dalla completa autodistruzione a Dublino: incontrò Nora Barnacle, la donna che sarà la sua compagna di vita; nello stesso anno la coppia lasciò l'Irlanda non ancora sposata e si trasferì a Trieste, che all'epoca era ancora parte dell'impero Austro-Ungarico. Tra i suoi allievi c’era Ettore Schmitz (Italo Svevo), al tempo un autore sconosciuto, i cui due romanzi "Una vita" e "Senilità" furono ignorati dalla critica. Nel 1914 venne pubblicato dopo molte difficoltà un’opera di Joyce: “Dubliners” ("Gente di Dublino"). Joyce usò la tecnica del flusso di coscienza con grande effetto. Nel 1920 andò a Parigi. Il suo romanzo “Ulysses” venne pubblicato nel 1922 : esso è ambientato nello spazio di una giornata e parla della vita di alcuni personaggi di Dublino. Joyce lasciò Parigi nel 1940 quando gli eventi della seconda guerra mondiale lo costrinsero a scappare. Andò poi in Svizzera, dove morì nel 1941.
DUBLINERS
Dubliners is a collection of 15 short stories by James Joyce, first published in 1914.
The fifteen stories were meant to be a naturalistic depiction of the Irish middle class life in and around Dublin in the early years of the 20th century.
The stories were written at the time when Irish nationalism was at its peak, and a search for a national identity and purpose was raging; at a crossroads of history and culture, Ireland was jolted by various converging ideas and influences. They center on Joyce's idea of an epiphany: a moment where a character has a special moment of self-understanding or illumination. Many of the characters in Dubliners later appear in minor roles in Joyce's novel Ulysses.
The initial stories in the collection are narrated by children as protagonists, and as the stories continue, they deal with the lives and concerns of progressively older people. This is in line with Joyce's tripartite division of the collection into childhood, adolescence and maturity.